Abstract: Metaheuristics are widely recognized gradient-free solvers to hard problems that do not meet the rigorous mathematical assumptions of conventional solvers. The automated design of ...

Abstract: In online advertising, click fraud poses a significant challenge, draining budgets and threatening the industry’s integrity by redirecting funds away from legitimate advertisers. Despite ...

An algorithm is a set of instructions that helps computers solve problems. It forms the foundation of programming and plays a major role in software development, artificial intelligence, and modern ...

This photograph shows a screen during the 18th edition of the "InCyber" Forum, an international cyber security event, at the Grand Palais in Lille, northern France on April 1, 2026. The forum, which ...